| 題名： | 古柏行 |
| 作者： | 杜甫 |
| 孔明廟前有老柏，柯如青銅根如石。霜皮溜雨四十圍，黛色參天二千尺。君臣已與時際會，樹木猶爲人愛惜。雲來氣接巫峽長，月出寒通雪山白。憶昨路繞錦亭東，先主武侯同閟宮。崔嵬枝幹郊原古，窈窕丹青戶牖空。落落盤踞雖得地，冥冥孤高多烈風。扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。大廈如傾要梁棟，萬牛回首丘山重。不露文章世已驚，未辭剪伐誰能送。苦心豈免容螻蟻，香葉終經宿鸞鳳。志士幽人莫怨嗟，古來材大難爲用。 | |
| 英譯： |
In front of K'ung-ming Shrine
stands an old cypress,
With branches like green bronze
and roots like granite;
Its hoary bark, far round,
glistens with raindrops,
And blue black hues, high up,
blend in with Heaven's:
Long ago Statesman, King
kept Time's appointment,
But still this standing tree
has men's devotion;
United with the mists
of ghostly gorges,
Through which the moon brings cold
from snowy mountains.
(I recall near my hut
on Brocade River
Another Shrine is shared
by King and Statesman
On civil, ancient plains
with stately cypress:
The paint there now is dim,
windows shutterless…)
Wide, wide though writhing roots
maintain its station,
Far, far kn lonely heights,
many's the tempest
When its hold is the strength
of Divine Wisdom
And straightness by the work
of the Creator…
Yet if a crumbling Hall
needed a rooftree,
Yoked herds would, turning heads,
balk at this mountain:
By art still unexposed
all have admired it;
But axe though not refused,
who could transport it?
How can its bitter core
deny ants lodging,
All the while scented boughs
give Phoenix housing?
Oh, ambitious unknowns,
sigh no more sadly:
Using timber as big
was never easy!
BEFORE the temple of Chu-ko Liang stands an old cypress. Its stem is like green bronze and its roots like rocks; Its bark scarred by frosts; $((its fronds))$ washed bright by the rains, While its circumference is forty spans round; Its dark leaves stretch up into the heavens for two thousand feet. Here prince and minister of old would meet when occasion allowed, And to-day this tree is still revered. When clouds come its vapours blow to the chasms of far-off Wu; When the moon shines forth its (the tree’s) cold whiteness seems to reach to the snowy mountains. I have in my mind yesterday’s road winding to the east of the pavilion of Chin-chiang Where the Military Marquis and his former Emperor share a remote and secret shrine. The towering tree from of old has stood upon the plain, Doors and windows (of the shrine) open upon a striking landscape. Deep, deep down spread (her roots), She crouches low yet holds her ground. Her branches high up above, so strong, have weathered many a fierce gale; For her strength and stay are of another world. $((And she stands))$ straight and true as when she sprouted, for she is the work of the gods. When a great palace falls into decay, pillars and beams are needed. Ten thousand oxen shaking their heads (are needed to drag) a very mountain in weight. There is no need for $((great timber))$ to produce extravagant memorials, its value should be too well known. It is easy to cut down, but who can convey it $((to the place where it can be used))$? Sometimes unavoidably its bitter heart is eaten away by ants, Yet those fragrant leaves to the end of their days could have sheltered the luan and the phœnix. Let the ambitious and retiring alike withhold their sighs. Of old it was found difficult to use great material. Beside the Temple of the Great Premier stands an ancient cypress With a trunk of green bronze and a root of stone. The girth of its white bark would be the reach of forty men And its tip of kingfisher-blue is two thousand feet in heaven. Dating from the days of a great ruler's great statesman, Their very tree is loved now and honoured by the people. Clouds come to it from far away, from the Wu cliffs, And the cold moon glistens on its peak of snow. ... East of the Silk Pavilion yesterday I found The ancient ruler and wise statesman both worshipped in one temple, Whose tree, with curious branches, ages the whole landscape In spite of the fresh colours of the windows and the doors. And so firm is the deep root, so established underground, That its lone lofty boughs can dare the weight of winds, Its only protection the Heavenly Power, Its only endurance the art of its Creator. ... When beams are required to restore a great house, Though oxen sway ten thousand heads, they cannot move a mountain. Though a tree writes no memorial, yet people understand That not unless they fell it can use be made of it.... Its bitter heart may be tenanted now by $(black and white)$ ants, But its odorous leaves were once the nest of phoenixes and pheasants. ... Let wise and hopeful men harbour no complaint. The greater the timber, the tougher it is to use. BEFORE the temple of Chu-ko Liang stands an old cypress. Its stem is like green bronze and its roots like rocks; Its bark scarred by frosts; $((its fronds))$ washed bright by the rains, While its circumference is forty spans round; Its dark leaves stretch up into the heavens for two thousand feet. Here prince and minister of old would meet when occasion allowed, And to-day this tree is still revered. When clouds come its vapours blow to the chasms of far-off Wu; When the moon shines forth its (the tree’s) cold whiteness seems to reach to the snowy mountains. I have in my mind yesterday’s road winding to the east of the pavilion of Chin Kiang Where the Military Marquis and his former Emperor share a remote and secret shrine. The towering tree from of old has stood upon the plain, Doors and windows (of the shrine) open upon a striking landscape. Deep, deep down spread (her roots), She crouches low yet holds her ground. Her branches high up above, so strong, have weathered many a fierce gale; For her strength and stay are of another world. $((And she stands))$ straight and true as when she sprouted, for she is the work of the gods. When a great palace falls into decay, pillars and beams are needed. Ten thousand oxen shaking their heads (are needed to drag) a very mountain in weight. There is no need for $((great timber))$ to produce extravagant memorials, its value should be too well known. It is easy to cut down, but who can convey it $((to the place where it can be used))$? Sometimes unavoidably its bitter heart is eaten away by ants, Yet those fragrant leaves to the end of their days could have sheltered the luan and the phœnix. Let the ambitious and retiring alike withhold their sighs. Of old it was found difficult to use great material. There is an ancient cypress in front of the Kongming Fane, With branches bronzy and roots seemingly of stony cane. The smooth and hoary trunk is thick for forty arms to span around, Its dark green leaves wave in the sky two thousand feet beyond. The Emperor and his premier had met in a juncture of times, The visitors now treasure still the arbour in its prime. The clouds bring its imposing airs to the Wu Gorge's gloom; The moon reflects its coldness to the Snow Mountain's white dome. I remember east of the Jin Jiang Pavilion the path To a fane where Liu Bei and Kongming are shrined in the same garth. The giant trees there clothed the outfields in an archaic shade; The doors opened to the hollow halls with pictures dimly made. Though independently this plant has had its blessed place, Yet the mountain squalls shake the lonely highness without grace. It is the deities who support it standing high and neat, And the upright manner is due to the Creator's feat. If a great mansion is on the tilt, it needs a ridgepole, Thousands of cattles would look back since the tree they couldn't pull. The people praise the potential sap within the plain mould, It would fain be cut down, yet who may carry it to the world? The bitter core of it did not prevent the ants to bore; The phoenix yet came among the sweet leaves as a nest in store. Let not the ambitious camplain that they are abused, For from old, all rare material is seldom justly used! There is an ancient cypress in front of the Kongming Fane, With branches bronzy and roots seeming to be stony cane. The smooth and frostlike trunk is thick for forty arms to span around, Its dark green hairs wave in the sky two thousand feet beyond. The Emperor and his premier had met in a juncture of times, The visitors now treasure still the arbour in its prime. The clouds bring its imposing airs to the Wu Gorge's gloom; The moon reflects its coldness to the Snow Mountain's white dome. I remember east of the Jin Jiang Pavilion the path To a fane where Liu Bei and Kongming are shrined in the same garth. The giant trees there tinged the outfield with an archaic shade; The doors opened to the hollow halls with pictures dimly made. Though independently this plant has had its blessed place, Yet the mountain squalls shake the lonely highness without grace. It is the deities who support it standing high and neat, And the upright manner is due to the Creator's feat. If a great mansion is on the tilt, it needs a ridge-pole, Thousands of cattles would look back since the tree they couldn't pull. The people praise the potential sap within the plain mould, It would fain be cut down, yet who may carry it to the world? The bitter core of it did not prevent the ants to bore; The phoenix yet came among the sweet leaves as a nest in store. Don't the ambitious men complain of that they are abused, From of old the rare material is seldom well used! In front of the temple of Zhu Geliang there stands an aged cypress; Its boughs are like bronze, its roots like rocks, Its rimy bark running with rain is forty spans around, Its blue-black colours soar two thousand feet into the sky. The ruler and the minister had their appointment with time, But the tree is still there for people to love and cherish. When clouds come by its vapours spread as far as the long Wu gorge; When there’s a moon it shares the cold with the white Snow Mountains. (I remember where the road went round to the east of Brocade Pavilion, The first ruler and $Zhu Geliang$ once shared a single shrine; The trees there were imposing, on the old plain near the town, The paintings in it hard to make out, the doors and windows empty.) Although the cypress holds its ground, its roots spread out and coiled, It stands alone, in the depths of the sky where the winds are often fierce. It is the strength of the gods, of course, that has kept it standing, So straight and upright it has to be the work of the creator. If a mansion collapsed and the tree was needed for the beams and rafters Herds of oxen would turn their heads at the mountainous weight being hauled. It shows no art or artifice, yet the world is still amazed; It has never rejected the cut of an axe, for who could take it away? Its bitter heart cannot avoid putting up with ants; Pairs of phoenixes always roost among its fragrant leaves. Those with ambition, or hidden away: do not sigh with resentment ‒ Since long ago the greatest resources have always been hard to use. In front of Kongming temple grows an ancient cypress boughs like bronze roots like rock frosty bark, rain-washed forty-foot circumference its jet-black top seems to rise two thousand feet the minister and prince are long since gone their memory is cherished through this great tree from the long cloudy gorges of the Wu to the moonlit snowy mountains of the west I remember when I lived near the Brocade Pavilion the temple and the shrine for Kongming and his prince and the two great cypress trees that grew there too the buildings had faded the doors and windows were gone but the cypresses still stood signs of power and influence towering skyward resisting mighty winds that kind of fortitude sometimes seems god-given Providence has helped it grow so tall and straight. Suppose a collapsing hall needed such a roof-beam herds of oxen set to haul it would turn their heads in disbelief but we don't need to cut it down to marvel at it and it's too far from where such timber might be needed and how protect its bitter heart from things like termites? But let's admit its shade and branches desrve to harbor phoenixes ambitious men, retired men do not resent this tree from ancient days there's never been much use for something of such greatness! |
| 日譯： |
諸島孔明のみたまやの前に、柏の老木があって、枝は青銅のようであり、根は岩石のようである。年月の君を経た樹皮は雨のしずくにうるおって四十かかえもあり、まゆずみ色の葉は天空にまで入りこむようにそびえて二千尺にも達している。蜀換の劉備と諸葛孔明との君臣はすでに時世を救うために、折よく出あったのであり、ここにある樹木でさえそのために世人に愛惜されることになったのだ。この古本に雲が流れてくると、その雲気は遠く長く巫峡にまで連なり、月が出て この木を照らす冷たい光は、雪山にまで白く続いている。
思い出すのは、かつて成都郊外の錦江のほとりにあった草堂の東を回って行くと、蜀の先主劉備と武侯諸葛孔明とが、同じみたまやに祭られていたこと。高くそびえる枝と幹は、成都郊外の原野に古びて立っており、奥深く静まりかえった赤や青の彩色したみたまやの戸や窓のあたりには、人の気配もなかった。柏樹は高大にそび、根をしっかりと張って、適地を得ているけれども、暗い空の雲気の中にひとり高くそびえているので、烈しい風を受けることが多いのだ。それを今まで助け支えてきたのは、やはり神明の力によるものであり、柏樹のまっすぐなのは、もとより造物主の働きによる。
大きな建物が、もしも傾いて、屋根を支えるうつぱりとむなぎが必要となれば、この柏樹の大木を運ぶのに一万万頭の牛にひかせても、頭を振り動かして丘山のような重さに苦しむであろう。柏樹の木理をあらわに見せなくとも、世人はすでにその大材に驚いているのだ。切り倒されることはいとわないが、いったい、だれが運送することができるというのか。柏樹の苦い芯も、どうしてけらやありの客を受けることをまぬがれ得ようか。そのかぐわしい葉には、これまでに、おおとりを宿らせたことがあったのに。しかし世の志ある人や、仁徳ある人々よ、うらみ嘆くことはやめよう。昔からこの柏樹のような大材は、世に用いられにくいものなのだ。
孔明（こうめい）の廟前（びょうぜん）に老柏（ろうはく）有（あ）り 柯（えだ）は青銅（せいどう）のごとく 根（ね）は石（いし）のごとし 霜皮雨（さうひあめ）を溜（しただ）らす 四十囲（しじゅうい） 黛色天（たいしょうてん）に参（まじ）はる 二千尺（にせんせき） 君臣（くんしん）巳（すで）に時（とき）の与（ため）に際会（さいかい）し 樹木（じゅもく）猶（な）お人（ひと）の為（ため）に愛惜（あいせき）せらる 雲来（くもきた）りて 気（き）は巫峡（ふきょう）に接（せっ）して長（なが）く 月出（つきい）でて 寒（かん）は雪山（せきざん）に通（つう）じて白（しろ）し 憶（おも）う昨（さく） 路錦亭（ろきんてい）の東（ひがし）を繞（めぐ）り 先主武侯（せんしゅぶこう） 閟宮（ひきゅう）を同（おな）じくするを 崔嵬（さいかい）たる枝幹（しかん） 郊原（こうげん）に古（ふ）り 窈窕（ようちょう）たる丹青（たんせい） 戸牖（こゆう）に空（むな）し 落落盤踞（らくらくばんきょ）して 地（ち）を得（う）と雖（いえど）も 冥冥孤高（めいめいここう） 烈風（れっぷう）多（おお）し 扶持（ふじ） 自（みずか）ら是（こ）れ神明（しんめい）の力（ちから） 正直原（せいちょくもと） 造化（ぞうか）の功（こう）に因（よ）る 大廈（たいか）如（も）し傾（かたむ）いて 梁棟（りょうとう）を要（よう）せば 万牛（ばんぎゅう） 首（こうべ）を廻（めぐ）らして 丘山（きゅうざん）と重（おも）からん 文章（ぶんしょう）を露（あらわ）さざれども 世（よ）己（すで）に驚（おどろ）く 未（いま）だ翦伐（せんばつ）を辞（じ）せざるも 誰（だれ）か能（よ）く送（おく）らん 苦心（くしん） 豈（あ）に螻蟻（ろうぎ）を容（い）るるを免（まぬが）れんや 香葉（こうよう） 曾経（かつ）て鸞鳳（らんほう）を宿（やど）せしめしを 志士仁人（ししじんじん） 怨嗟（えんさ）すること莫（な）かれ 古来（こらい）材大（ざいだい）なれば 用（よう）を為（な）し難（がた）し 孔明の廟前に老柏有り 柯は青銅のごとく 根は石のごとし 霜皮雨を溜らす 四十囲 黛色天に参はる 二千尺 君臣巳に時の与に際会し 樹木猶お人の為に愛惜せらる 雲来りて 気は巫峡に接して長く 月出でて 寒は雪山に通じて白し 憶う昨 路錦亭の東を繞り 先主武侯 閟宮を同じくするを 崔嵬たる枝幹 郊原に古り 窈窕たる丹青 戸牖に空し 落落盤踞して 地を得と雖も 冥冥孤高 烈風多し 扶持 自ら是れ神明の力 正直原 造化の功に因る 大廈如し傾いて 梁棟を要せば 万牛 首を廻らして 丘山と重からん 文章を露さざれども 世己に驚く 未だ翦伐を辞せざるも 誰か能く送らん 苦心 豈に螻蟻を容るるを免れんや 香葉 曾経て鸞鳳を宿せしめしを 志士仁人 怨嗟すること莫かれ 古来材大なれば 用を為し難し 孔明廟前の老柏樹 枝は背銅の如く 根は岩の如く 樹皮は蒼白に潤うて 太さ四十囲 高さ二千尺 鬱葱たる緑色天にとどく 雲かかれば雲気はとおく巫映につらなる 月出ずれば寒光は白く雪山にかよう まことや孔明と劉備の際会は 千載一遇の盛事であった さればこそこの廟前の老柏も 今なお人に愛借される 憶い起こす 先に成都に在った日 草堂の東をめぐってゆくと そこに劉備と孔明とが 同じ廟にまつってあった その廟前にも古柏あり 亭々たる樹幹郊原に古り 幽深なる丹背の戸牑の内は ひっそりとして人気もなかった いまこの柏は 根太く広く地にはぴこっているが おぐらく雲に分け入って ひとり高く聳えていれば 烈しい風も当たるであろう 風雨に屈せず幾百年 孤高を保ってまっすぐに 立てるはもとより神明の力 もし大量が傾いて 棟梁の材をもとめるとき この高大な老柏の 邱山のような重さには 万頭の牛もその力に余るだろう 文章を表にあらわさずとも 世人ははやくも驚こう 柏は伐られて厭わぬが 誰が果してこの材を識って 送り届ける者があろうか 柏の樹の心は苦いが 遂には螻蟻にむしばまれる この香わしい葉はむかし 風凰を棲ませたこともあるのだ ああ志士幽人よ怨む勿れ 古来材の大なるものは 世に用いられ難いのがその運命だ 孔明（こうめい）廟前（びょうぜん） 老柏（ろうはく）有り 柯（えだ）は青銅の如く 根は石の如し 霜皮（そうひ）雨を溜（したた）らす 四十囲 黛色（たいしょく）天に参（まじわ）す 二千尺 雲来たって気は巫暁（ふきょう）に接して長く 月出でて寒は雪山の白に通じて白し 君臣巳（すで）に時と際会す 樹木猶（なお）人の為（ため）に愛惜（あいせき）せらる 憶（おも）う 昨 路（みち） 錦亭の東を繞（めぐ）る 先主武侯 閟宮（ひきゅう）を同じゅうす 崔嵬（さいかい）たる枝幹（しかん） 郊原（こうげん）に古（ふ）り 窈窕（ようちょう）たる丹青（たんせい） 戸牖（こゆう）空（むな）しかりき 落落盤踞（ばんきょ）して地を得（う）と雖（いえど）も 冥冥孤高 烈風多し 扶持（ふじ） 自（おの）ずから是（こ）れ神明の力 正直（せいちょく） 元（もと）造化の功に因（よ）る 大廈（たいか）如（も）し傾いて 梁棟（りょうとう）を要せば 万牛 首（こうべ）を廻（めぐら）らして 邱山（きゅうざん）のごとく重からむ 文章を露（あらわ）さざるも 世巳（すで）に驚く 未（いま）だ剪伐（せんばつ）を辞せざるも 誰か能（よ）く送らん 苦心 豈（あに）螻蟻（ろうぎ）を容（い）るるを免（まぬ）かれんや 香葉 終経（すでに）鸞鳳（らんほう）を宿らしむ 志士幽人 怨嗟（えんさ）する莫（なか）れ 古來材（ざい）大なれば 用を為し難し 孔明廟前 老柏有り 柯は青銅の如く 根は石の如し 霜皮雨を溜らす 四十囲 黛色天に参す 二千尺 雲来たって気は巫暁に接して長く 月出でて寒は雪山の白に通じて白し 君臣巳に時と際会す 樹木猶人の為に愛惜せらる 憶う 昨 路 錦亭の東を繞る 先主武侯 閟宮を同じゅうす 崔嵬たる枝幹 郊原に古り 窈窕たる丹青 戸牖空しかりき 落落盤踞して地を得と雖も 冥冥孤高 烈風多し 扶持 自ずから是れ神明の力 正直 元造化の功に因る 大廈如し傾いて 梁棟を要せば 万牛 首を廻らして 邱山のごとく重からむ 文章を露さざるも 世巳に驚く 未だ剪伐を辞せざるも 誰か能く送らん 苦心 豈螻蟻を容るるを免かれんや 香葉 終経鸞鳳を宿らしむ 志士幽人 怨嗟する莫れ 古來材大なれば 用を為し難し |